Positive And Negative Impact In The School Education Essay

The National Centre for Parents defines Parental engagement as the engagement of parents in every aspect of kids ‘s instruction and development from birth to adulthood, acknowledging that parents are the primary influence in kids ‘s lives.Who is a ParentParents in this context can be referred to as kids ‘s closest health professionals or members of their drawn-out households.Types of Parental Involvement1. One type is home-based engagement which includes activities that takes topographic point between the kid and parent outside the school scene. This entails assisting child with prep, revising for trial, monitoring of kid ‘s advancement, supplying enrichment activities pertinent to school success and matching with kid ‘s instructor on a regular footing. 2. The other type is school-base engagement which includes activities wherein parents focus on their single kid in the school scene. These activities include parent-teacher conference, in-class observation of kid, informal treatments with instructor, go toing school events and volunteering to help on category field trips.Barriers to parental engagementRearing manners have both positive and negative impact in the school and wider society.Authoritative parents are warm but steadfast, attentive and sensitive to their kids ‘s demands. Authoritarian parents appear cold and rejecting and often degrade their kids by mocking and seting them down. Permissive parents are overindulgent, inattentive and have small control over their kids ‘s lives. Uninvolved parents have small engagement in their kids ‘s lives, are emotionally detached and frequently depress. 2. Busy 3. Frustrated 4. Too tired 5. Having other siblings to care for 6. Economically deprived 7. Disinterested 8. Burdened by different jobs 9. Fear being involved, non to the full understanding what they can make and how valuable their part is to their kids ‘s academic accomplishment. Parents besides fear that they do non hold the ability to assist their kids. 10. Misgiving by instructor 11. Bing individual parents being poorer, less educated, and younger than is the instance of two parents in two-parent places.Benefits of Parental InvolveBenefits for kidsMotivated to accomplish and experience justified in sharing accomplishment Children tend to blossom Cognitive and physical development is enhanced Child develops greater problem-solving accomplishments and a important addition occurs in the kid ‘s receptive and expressive linguistic communication accomplishments Greater reactivity to both school and place environments Achieve academic success and well-being Students benefit by acquiring higher classs, better attending, and acquiring more prep done which builds their self-pride. Children whose parents are involved in their instruction are more motivated to larn. Motivated pupils tend to be more involved in category, more concerned about prep and more successful academicallyBenefits for parentsIncrease communicating Increase volunteerism Better school support Better attitudes Parents learn a great trade about kid attention from their early kid attention and instruction programmes as they learn their places benefit enormously as they become more intellectually exciting. This is as a consequence of parents following activities and ways of interacting that they encountered at the schools their kids attends. Parents can besides develop more positive attitudes towards themselves including greater feelings of assurance, self-worth and competency Develop a better apprehension of kid development which expands their apprehension of the place as a topographic point for larning. As a consequence of this parents are better able and more willing to assist their kids at place. When parents are involved they will better understand the importance of their function in the educational procedure. Develop a better apprehension of the ends set for both the school and pupils and the programs for accomplishing those ends.Benefits for instructorTeachers develop a greater apprehension of parents, their challenges and their cultural heritage With a better apprehension of a household ‘s state of affairs, instructors are more likely to be more supportive of the parents and less likely to be judgmental of them Valuable resources in the schoolroom, if schools assist with the go oning instruction of parents, they will increase and heighten their resource Improve morale among instructors Higher evaluations of instructors by parents and more support from householdsSchemes for bettering parental engagementFor parents who are illiterate, ask for them in and explicate work kid is soon making, so they can help kids at place. Supply on the occupation preparation for parents who work as voluntaries in the schoolroom. Established proper and early communicating with parents often and non merely when kid is giving problem. Make communicating more meaningful and regular between the place and school. Welcome parents as voluntaries, and seek their advice since they know their kids better than anyone else. Aid parents to understand the educational procedure and their function in back uping pupil ‘s accomplishment. Allow parents to assist with determination doing as they are full spouses in their kids ‘s instruction, and have many thoughts that can be shared with the school. Schools should supply grade degree meeting chances for parents to larn about rearing and child-rearing. This can be done through workshops, usage of picture tapes and phone voice messages. Provide parents with suggestions on how to better place conditions that support their kids ‘s acquisition. The school can besides assist by supplying preparation or educational classs for parents that will assist them to acquire occupations Direct parents to back up programmes for wellness, nutrition and other services Assist parents in set uping place environments to back up kids as pupils Thatch parents activities that build self-esteem and competency in their kids Encourage parents to give kids duty, so kids can take duty for their acquisition Host grade-level parenting workshops to discourse kids ‘s advancement Conduct place visits as this is an effectual scheme for affecting parents particularly in the inner-city where parents conceal from the school. Initiate community meetings to assist households understand schools and to assist schools understand households Thatch parents about kid development and what to anticipate from kids at different ages. Teach parents behavior alteration schemes so they can train their kids without force Aid parents to develop ways they can excite their kids ‘s rational and emotional growing While parents are waiting to roll up their kids show pictures about how kids learn and how to work with kids with particular demands Aid parents educate their kids by guaranting that parents understand constructs being taught. . . Offer parents chances to familiarise themselves with schoolroom stuffs and discourse grade-level course of study Provide parents with approaching subjects to be taught, so they can fix their kids for that acquisition or activity.Relationship foremost, instruction secondGet down the twelvemonth with a â€Å" parent-only † meeting before the first twenty-four hours of school. The underlying subject for this first meeting: that both pedagogues and parents are the kid ‘s instructors. Agenda â€Å" Parent-only † meetings through the twelvemonth to construct and keep parent relationships, align instructor with parent, and keep parent instruction.Create partnership between instructors and parentsSupply hebdomadal parent instruction tips that explain the constructs being taught and supply support stuffs that allow parents to assist at place. Provide parent prep and a method of hebdomadal communicating between parent and instructor. Record the attempts of parent engagement on each kid ‘s study card, so parents can see the importance of their work and the value you place on it.Harness the endowments and energies of your pupil ‘s parentsAsk parents to chair and be after household events and category fundraisers. Empower them to do this their kid ‘s best twelvemonth of larning. Their engagement establishes â€Å" buy-in † and a sense of ownership in the schoolroom. Offer Parenting/Teacher Education Classs Set up school-wide parenting and instructor instruction categories. Arrange parenting categories, supply child-care at the school, so parents are able to portion issues and concerns with other parents and relieve feelings of isolation.Use Your Datas to Establish Future Goals for Both School and HomeCommunicate appraisal ends and day of the months. Share the consequences of appraisal with parents. Use a assortment of assessment informations to set up future ends for both place and school. Provide parents with the stuffs and instruction they need to help their kid.Encourage ParentsOffer encouragement instead than praise by giving specific illustrations of a occupation good done.DecisionIn decision, it is apparent that, parental engagement is of import to the school, parents and the kid. There can besides be definite betterment in kids ‘s academic public presentation if parents are involved in the procedure. Despite the obstructions, the parents and school should guarantee that they each do their portion in advancing parental engagement. It is besides of import that the school take the enterprise in developing a positive relationship with parents. The key to taking the barriers to effectual parent engagement is the instructor who can accomplish this before school Begins and Foster it throughout the school twelvemonth. Parental engagement can profit the school to a great extent which will in consequence benefit the pupil ‘s academic public presentation. " State me and I forget, learn me and I may retrieve, affect me and I will larn † .Jeffrey Thompson

Persuasive Speech on Social Networking Essay

Since the Internet has rapidly propagated, social media has progressed rapidly. The widespread use of mobile devices to access the internet gradually transformed the nature of our social interactions. Most people use smart phones, iPhone or mobile internet devices to easily access social network. Since the function that people can interact online through social media, chat or share information with each other. It helps us contact friends, family, and other people even if they live far away. The service they can receive by using it are very impressive, most of people have their own account for participating. Although social media leads people to have more interaction and promotes long-distance relationships, it has a lot of bad things that make us out of control. see more:social networks and our young generation. Many of social media users are addicted and they became more isolated by using social media. Social media has many advantages; nevertheless, it can be abused in moments by young children if we are not careful, because they can easily access social media. We need to understand and regulate the use of social media by young children. My own view is that we should understand and regulating the use of social media by young children, because overusing social media can create strong addictions, develop mental or physical disorders, and waste our time. First of all, social media, such as Facebook, are very addictive. Especially, people who are lonely can become easily addicts. Human is social animal, so they want to make relationship with others. People would say drug or alcohol is more addictive and harmful for children than social media; social media addiction is not a big problem. Unfortunately, it is not true. Social media can lead to compulsive behavior. A report of the social media addiction by University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business says: â€Å"There is evidence to show as well that social behaviors like hugs and smiles are associated with dopamine release †¦ it’s possible that social media is pleasurable and becomes addictive via the dopamine mechanism just as drugs or alcohol can.† In the light of these facts, surely social media can make addicts, and it is hard to escape. The problem is most people who have an addiction to social media and do not even realize it. Children, also, can easily get mental and physical disorders through using social media. People might think social media does not contribute to disorders. They argue that social media is good for mental diseases because it help them express their  feelings or thought easily. Also, through social media, they can be more connected with each other. However, as stated above, if children become addicts, naturally we could think they have emotional instability. Social media offers limited real interaction, through online contact. On the Mental Health Blog, psychologist, Aric Sigman claimed â€Å"Spending too much time online could lead to social isolation, loneliness and a negative outlook. These types of psychological symptoms could eventually lead to more serious health concerns, such as heart disease, cancer and dementia. (Sigman)† Using social media disturbs make deep relationship with others. When they are using social media they do not need to move or be active. As a result, it leads to mental and physical disorders. Social media can become handicap in our life. In this sense, social media can hinder people to improve their talents. People think social media is good place to show their talents or works what they did. For example, they argue people can share video clip what they playing the instruments or dancing or singing. However, if you are not good at those things and if you spend time to do social media, it would be hard to improve your talents. Using social media steals your time what really want to do. If you do not pay attention, your time would go very fast, and it could not be returned. If you read books, or study, exercise, or practice something that you want to do instead of using social media, it would be much better for you and your future life. I conducted surveys about relationships between using social media and studying last semester. Most students answered using social media is not helpful for studying. Also, students who got good grades spent just a little time to use social media. These results can be adjusted to young children because they are more easily influenced by social media. Especially, the young generation and children are easy to be exposed to environments which using social media. Social media are favorite not only along with teens or youngsters; it is growing among working people and also adults. Social media is regarded as an addiction and many people are becoming addicts every day. It can occur mentally and physically and make  you waste time. As you can see, we need to understand and regulate the use of social media by young children. The most famous social networks, YouTube, Facebook and Skype are included. It is important to know why people have to use social media carefully and need some restrictions when using it. Many people love social media because of its wide connectivity and functions that people can receive it for free; it does not require money to make an account and use it. Facebook is the most visible among various social media. First thing that people get impressed is, Facebook makes possible to create a deep networking between users. Since each user has a right to accept or refuse the friend request, the interest by people is high enough. Moreover people tend to allow the other’s friend request who have same thoughts and characteristics, by this reason it is able to maintain an intimate relationship. Not only users can leave comment on other’s post and the other user reply to that comment, by doing this continuing communication can be accomplished. So, it is a same response of users that deep networking can be made naturally. The second benefit is, it is good in long distance relationship. The survey from the â€Å"Telegraph† which is a famous newspaper in United Kingdom, tells that Social networks such as Facebook are helping to inspire a boom in long distance relationships. The number of people who have a partner that lives mor e than two hours away increased about twice in the last 10years. Three quarters of them say that by using social network such as Facebook and MySpace where everything can be shared, they were able to maintain their long-distance relationship. In my case, I am not living with my family. I live in Utah and my family live in Korea. It is hard to contact each other and I cannot know what my family is doing their country and also they do not know what I am doing in this country. But after we started to use Skype, we can check each other what we daily do. If I want to see my family’s face, I can see by using videophone. Even though I and my family live far away about 5500miles, we can check each other’ status whenever we want because of development of social media. Even if Facebook and MySpace, those kinds of social media have various advantages, it receives less attention than the bad effects of social media. The most serious problem of social media is addiction. One reporter described that â€Å"Text messaging is no longer the biggest t eenage obsession, and long gone are the days where the biggest worries for parents were celebrity crushes, massive phone bills from  ridiculously long phone calls and chocolate overloads. These teenage obsessions still exist, but in today’s day and age, and in comparison to the Facebook craze, they seem rather insignificant This huge issue also applied to me and my friends. When I came to Utah first, I had a hard time conversing with the people in this country. For learning English I decided to do Facebook rather than reading books or watching television, which is effective but not fun method. Because of Facebook’s worldwide connection, I was able to have more time and chance to communicate with my school friends. Soon, I could talk with Utah friends about private things and school work. As my relationship gets stronger, the time I spent doing Facebook extended, chat on-line and do applications already took a place in my life. I felt logging on Facebook was the best time ever in Utah since it helps me to learn language, to make friends, and to escape from boring life on abroad. But, the problem began with doing Facebook actively. My primary work of the d ay was doing Facebook. I preferred doing Facebook more than any other important work, including doing homework, exercising, sleeping, and even going to school. When I realized there was a problem, it was after I was addicted to Facebook. With my cousin’s help I could get away from Facebook, the dangerous social network. But some of my friends are still suffering from a Facebook with addiction. Another thing is that some person becomes lonelier after using social media. Most people might think that because social media have a benefit that give more opportunity to people to have more interactions through social network, people can strengthen relationship with their friends by chatting and leaving comments on each other’s wall and even people could make new friends by online meeting. Opposed to their thoughts, it is not. According to interview with Dr. John Cacioppo, who is a professor in neuroscience at the University of Chicago, tells that â€Å"â€Å"You can end up online so much that you end up sacrificing face-to-face contact. Having 4000 friends on Facebook might make you feel that you have lots of friends, but you have no face-to-face contact. In that case, loneliness INCREASES (Johnson).† It is not possible to make real relationship if people do not meet face to face. The people who were not talkative and social would be worse. One of my friends could example of this. He was poor at interacting with friends, he could not participate in our conversation and if we initiated a conversation, he stepped behind and went to his place. After he started using social media, the number of interaction with friends decreased. And he even did not make new friends through social media and he became less social. It led him to feel more loneness and seriously he tried to suicide once. It was one of happening events around me result of using social media. It is a really serious problem in this society. It is related to human’s life. This big problem is not facing to us. In conclusion, although social media has lots of benefits that are attractive and helpful to us, it usually gives more harmful influences than good effects. Like an addiction and fraud advertising, it is not anymore a small problem that can be ignored. To make better future, it is really important to use social media carefully. All things are depended on you.

Result of Eva’s Story Essay

ohn Boynton Priestley was born in 1894 and died in 1984. He was famous for contemplating science and philosophy, and wrote many plays to put forward his socialist views. An Inspector Calls was one of these, and is about a wealthy upper-middle class family, the Birlings, and how their views on living change as a result of a visit from an inspector. The main characters are the Birlings, Inspector Goole and Eva Smith. Arthur Birling is a successful businessman; his wife, Sybil, is very pretentious; and their rather peculiar son, Eric, is an alcoholic. Eric’s sister, Sheila, has recently engaged to Gerald Croft, a gentleman of a slightly higher social class than the Birlings – Mr. Birling feels a little inferior because of this. We do not know a lot about the Inspector – he is given an air of mystery and importance – but it is possible that he could be an apparition of some kind or perhaps a figure to represent Priestley’s own views. Eva Smith is an absent character who nevertheless plays a huge part in the storyline. The play takes place solely in the dining room of the Birlings’ house, which is â€Å"heavily comfortable but not homelike†. This unified setting is beneficial in many ways. One thing is that it lowers the costs and requirements of the production of the play, meaning that it can be performed in a wider variety of settings and therefore be shown to more people. In addition, the audience will focus on the actors and the plot rather than the set so much if it does not keep changing, which helps retain attention to the play. The play begins as Gerald Croft and the Birlings are celebrating as a family Sheila Birling and Gerald’s engagement, when the evening is interrupted by the arrival of Inspector Goole. The Inspector tells them the story of the tragic suicide of a young girl, whose name is Eva Smith, but she calls herself Daisy Renton after Mr. Birling sacks her, as an attempt to make a fresh start. He forces them to see how each of the people present contributed to her taking her own life by swallowing disinfectant. Gradually, he picks away at the protective, self-satisfied shell that the Birlings have built up around themselves, and eventually manages to pull apart the whole sense of the family. He then exits, leaving them to blame each other and argue amongst themselves. The play was written in 1945 but is set in 1912. I think this is to emphasise the point that rich people are not always right, as Mr. Birling in particular makes several predictions that we, as the audience, know to be incorrect. For example, he says, â€Å"You’ll hear some people say that war’s inevitable. And to that I say – fiddlesticks!† and â€Å"There isn’t a chance of war.† However, we know that two years later, WWI began. He speculates about Sheila and Gerald’s future – â€Å"In twenty or thirty years’ time – let’s say, in 1940 – you may be giving a little party like this – your son or daughter might be getting engaged – and I tell you, by that time you’ll be living in a world that’ll have forgotten all these silly war scares.† This is ironic because in fact in 1940 WWII took place. He also makes predictions about labour struggles when he says, â€Å"†¦there’s a lot of wild talk about possible labour trouble in the near future. Don’t worry. We’ve passed the worst of it,† and the Titanic, as he says, â€Å"Unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable†, both of which we know are wrong. Mr. Birling is confident about all of these predictions, but we know how wrong he is. This is an example of dramatic irony, and I think J.B. Priestley used it to great effect in portraying Mr. Birling as someone who is entirely ignorant about what the future holds, though the other characters are unaware of this. In Act One, the family is celebrating the engagement of Sheila and Gerald. Sheila is presented as excitable and eager to please her family and Gerald: after she has received her ring she says, â€Å"(excited) Oh – it’s wonderful! Look – Mummy – isn’t it a beauty? Oh – darling – (She kisses Gerald hastily.)† She is also rather materialistic, as the stage directions, â€Å"(still admiring her ring)† imply, though she still shows empathy and compassion towards Eva – â€Å"SHEILA: (Rather distressed) Sorry! It’s just that I can’t help thinking about that girl – destroying herself so horribly†.  She plays up to Gerald, saying, â€Å"Oh – is it the one you wanted me to have?† and I think this suggests that she wants to keep on everyone’s good side, and avoid any conflict. She behaves in the same way to her parents, meekly saying, â€Å"I’m sorry, Daddy. Actually I was listening.†

Healthcare management capstone by nikita brown Essay

Weekly tasks or assignments (Individual or Group Projects) will be due by Monday, and late submissions will be assigned a late penalty in accordance with the late penalty policy found in the syllabus. NOTE: All submission posting times are based on midnight Central Time. Administrators must continuously seek opportunities to increase the profitability of their practice or facility. Throughout this course, you will develop a plan to integrate a current and emerging trend in health care in your organization. Your Executive Summary to integrate a current or emerging solution into your organization will include the following: †¢Week 1: Topic Research/Selection and Literature Review †¢Week 2: Organizational Assessment †¢Week 3: Project Plan †¢Week 4: Implementation Plan †¢Week 5: Evaluation Plan Week 1: Topic Research/Selection and Literature Review Part 1: Topic Research and Selection Begin this process by researching what health care organizations are doing or attempting to do to increase profitability. Remember, profitability can be improved from many different angles. A nonexclusive list of potential ways would be adding additional services, decreasing costs, increasing the amount of services that are provided, or implementing a quality improvement program that qualifies for incentive monies. Check trade journals or professional discussion boards, or reach out to existing health care managers. Part 2: Literature Review Perform a literature review of the solution that you have decided to apply to your organization. The review will encompass several articles, and at least 1 of the articles must be peer-reviewed. Look at current material (within the last 2 years). Remember, a literature review includes a summary of the information that you found that is relevant to your topic as well as an APA reference for each resource that you reviewed. Identifying what topic to perform research on should be accomplished quickly because you will need sufficient time to perform your literature review. Review a minimum of 10 documents. The review should be between 10–15 pages, including the bibliography. Use APA format.

A Study of Factors Contributing to the Lack of Success and Participation of African American in Males in Advance Placement Classes

Abstract The purpose of this research brief is to offer a brief review of those factors that contribute to the academic achievement gap between African American males. A sample of 25 8th grade, African American, male students from Dent Middle School will be identifyied as participates for the research. Although there has been research written about the achievement gap between African American and their counterparts, the literature is limited regarding strategies tailored specifically to address the achievement gap between African American males.Participant’s data will be collected in relation to sex, race, age group, and attending school. Subjects will responded to an unobtrusive open-ended survey instrument. A survey consisting of 10 qualitative questions and will be used to developed for analysis. Introduction Studies have found that the level of the success of African American male students in advanced educational program is lower rates than nonblack peers (Few, 2004).Succe ss in early exposure to advance classes has shown that it ultimately impacts students’ pre college experiences, such as career choice, level of success, and the nature of participation extracurricular activities (Williams, 2011). Very few black males take advanced classes, which are more in line with college entrance requirements (Few, 2004). Instead, they stick to classes that meet basic high school graduation requirements (Few, 2004). Poverty is another barrier that blocks African American male from participation in the AP program.Most schools require a fee for taking an exam in each subject area (Williams, 2011). AP courses are not as accessible for minorities as for White students because many low-income schools (often primarily populated by minority students) do not offer any AP classes (Watts Silvernail, 2010). With most African American families living well below the nation poverty rate paying addition school fees is unrealistic (Cross, 2006). Further, the lack of expo sure to participating in advance placement class is also an issue that arises with African American males (Watts Silvernail, 2010).Influenced for many years by widespread opinion that they have substandard academic abilities, African American male students in many instances do not consider enrolling in the AP program (Williams, 2011). Consequently, when African American males are not being identified as being academically high achieving and they receive tremendous peer pressure not to achieve, it is no surprise that few African American young males are in honors or advanced placement courses (Cross, 2006).Despite these data, research is still necessary to understand why African American male student demonstrate lack of success and participation in advance courses. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to examine the possible factors that contribute to the lack success and participation of African American males in advance placement classes by asking the following questio ns: 1. Are African American males encouraged to participate in advance placement classes? . What types of support in being offered to enhance participation for African American Males? 3. What influences are hindering participation in advance placement for African American males? Researchers have attempted to clarify the factors the contribute to the lack of success and participation of African American in males in advance placement classes, most of the discussion focuses on fundamentals such as poverty, discrimination, and availability.While there has been much written on the African American in males in advance placement classes, there are questions and problems that are fully or partially disclosed in the works of known scholars. Although there have been significant gains in the educational endeavors of African American students, the 1990s saw a reduction in the progress made with a significant widening of the achievement gap between African American and Caucasian students(Few, 20 04). According to the Education Trust, (2003), the black-white gaps are about 10 points wider than they were more than a decade ago .In addition to gaps in performance on achievement tests, gaps are found in grades, course selection, advanced placement (AP) course participation and test taking, high school graduation, and dropout rates (Legler, 2004). Theodore Cross was dedicated to the conscientious investigation of the status and prospects for African American males in higher education. In the journal article published in The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education Cross addresses educational limitation for African American males in regards to advance placement.While his research did reveal and address the fundamentals of the lack of participation in advance classes for African American males the article lacked objectivity. The focus of the article was centered on the racial scoring gap of advance placement and examined the significance of the interracial disparities between African American male. While is this a key component Jenel Few author of â€Å"The Odds are Against them: The Black Male Education Debacle† takes a stand on the lack of preparation is the leading factor that hinders African American males from partaking in advance classes.She discusses the teacher’s lack of preparation to education children from different social standing and educational standing as well. African American males tend to be underrepresented in advanced and honors courses and more likely to be placed in special education programs and suspended or expelled from school (Few, 2004). The article describes a singularity known as the stereotype threat, which impacts the way teachers view students and the way students view themselves.Stereotype threat influenced teachers’ low-achievement expectations for poor and minority students (Few, 2004). Watts Silvernail, (2010) An Examination of the Barriers and Supports to African-American Enrollment in Honors and Advance d Placement Courses doctoral dissertation examined the impact of teacher effectiveness on the learning of different types of students, from low to high achievers, illustrated the importance of quality teachers. In her studies she found that teacher’s quality has a â€Å"huge effect on how well students fare in school† (abstract).Silvernail discusses that there are many externally and internally generated factors that can influence African American male students' academic decisions to participate in AP classes. External factors include inaccessibility, socioeconomic status, and systemic barriers. Internal factors include cultural identity conflicts, learning style differences, and social isolation (abstract). Silvernail research determined that educational programs that promote equal access to higher education for traditionally underserved populations do exist among African American male.Her qualitative approach was used with the intention of using authentic voices Afri can American student voices to look for commonalities and differences between those students who choose the rigorous advanced track and those who do not (Silvernail, 2010). Method In this research study, The Factors Contributing to the Lack of Success and Participation of African American in Males in Advance Placement Classes will be examined. A qualitative method was chosen because it will offer a more purposeful sampling.The strength of qualitative research is its ability to provide complex textual descriptions of how people experience a given research issue (Robert, 1999). The main purpose of choosing qualitative method is the advantage of qualitative research is to provide a richer deeper understanding of a problem or question being observed. Qualitative methods are also effective in identifying intangible factors, such as social norms, socioeconomic status, gender roles, ethnicity (Robert, 1999). Each participant personified three characteristics: Black male, a student, and a v olunteer.Participants The participants of this study will include 40 African American male students in the grade to 8th grade at Dent Middle School in Columbia South Carolina who have reported not being successful or participating in advance placement classes. I chose Dent Middle School because of it diversity with students and teachers. In order to conduct a survey with students a paternal consent form was required do to the participants being under the age of 18 years of age. Survey Instrument Participants in this study will complete an survey that consists of 25 questions. see Appendix A) The survey was developed to collect data that will be used to analyze the reasoning behind the lack of success of African American males in advance placement classes. References Cross, T. (2006). There is both good news and bad news in Black participation in advanced placement programs. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 50, 97-101. Retrieved from http://www. jbhe. com/features/59_apscor inggap. html Education Trust. (2003). African American achievement in America. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://www2. edtrust. org/NR/rdonlyres/ 9AB4AC88-7301-43FF-81A3 EB94807B917F/0/AfAmer_Achivement. df Few, J. (2004). The odds are against them: The black male education debacle. The Black Commentator, 89, Retrieved from http://www. blackcommentator. com/89/89_reprint_education. html Legler, R. (2004). Perspectives on the gaps: Fostering the academic success of minority and low-income students. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates. http://books. google. com/books/about/Perspectives_on_the_gaps. html? id=lM_zGwAACAAJ Robert , P. (1999). Qualitative methods: what are they and why use them?. Health Services Research, 34, 1101–1118. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pmc/articles/PMC1089055/ Watts Silvernail, L. (2010). An examination of the barriers and supports to african-american enrollment in honors and advanced placement courses. (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina)Retrieved from http://www. grin. com/en/doc/237000/an-examination-of-the-barriers-and-supports-to-african-american-enrollment Williams, R. (2011). More blacks are competing in advanced placement programs, but the racial scoring gap is widening. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 13, 23-36. Retrieved from http://www. jbhe. com/features/59_apscoringgap. html

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Case study - Essay Example However for those opposing the application of market-driven approach in health care, the argument is that the model reverses the ethical priorities, by putting costs minimization measures and profits earning motives first, while rendering patient care the secondary objective. 3. Columbia/HCA applied mixed strategies, with some of them being sound while others were flawed and wrong. The strategy regarding physicians’ equity and the one involving national branding were flawed strategies. However, all of the other strategies applied were sound, since they have been applied by the nonprofit hospitals and remained successful. The physicians’ equity and the national branding strategies were wrong, since they caused tradeoffs between patient care and profits, thus encouraging the compromise of health care to patients. The other strategies were appropriate, seeking to improve the efficiency of the institution. The problem is that the degree of tenacity with which these strategies were implemented with, was so strong, such that it caused the compromise of services offered to patients, while advancing the profit making motives of the organization. However, the subsequent strategies that redefined the mission of the organization and renamed, it made t he whole situation

Database Design and Implementation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Database Design and Implementation - Assignment Example A major downside of this site is that it is very slow. The seller is not required to pay any fee for posting an item for sale. The sites has strong measures and applications installed that ensures that it is fraud proof and the sellers can list as many items as they want as opposed to most online purchasing sites. E-bay is one of the leading online shopping market place where buyers and sellers transact a wide variety of goods and services worldwide. It has become a multi-billion dollar company after it was founded back in 1995. It has included buy-it-now as a standard shopping, an expansion from its original auction format. A number of items, from cars to antiques, are listed by a seller who then chooses to only accept bids for the item thus enabling the buyer to purchase the item immediately. The first buyer eager to pay the sellers stated price gets the item on a buy-it-now option. All the three sites have five major entities that is; the auction, product, payment, seller and the buyer. Of the four entities only three are actively involved at any given time, mostly, the auction, product and the buyer. The three entities have major common attributes across the three sites most of which were identified as the generic attributes. The product id, seller/.buyer id and the product id alongside other attributes formed the major attributes across the three sites. The other attributes that were rejected were either irrelevant or less important and could be retrieved through the major attributes such as the auction, seller/buyer or product ids. Normalizing the possible tables consisting of the entities alongside their attributes led to the rejection or dropping off of some attributes to avoid data redundancy. The product name, product description, product prices and product image from the auction table can be compressed into a different table named product with a primary key being product id. The auction table therefore will be normalized

Developing a training program for middle-mangers Essay

Developing a training program for middle-mangers - Essay Example Such skills include appropriate personal traits such confidence, humility, honesty, and kindness. The different sessions may also include training programs on achieving team goals, understanding the innovation process and proper decision-making, effective communication and commitment to long-term success. A good leader must be visionary and be in a position to use that vision to lead other employees (DaleCarnegie 1). Today’s business world dictates that the leader should be a team player. A leader needs to be able to engage the team and lead them towards meeting organization goals and objectives. As such, the training program should prepare a leader to win the team for the benefit of the organization. The training program should focus developing the leadership skills of the managers. The training program should transform managers from managing employees to leading employees. The training program for middle managers should be designed in a way that it touches on important aspects of leadership. After the training, the managers should be able to build effective teams, have good listening and communication skills and master the art of problem analysis and decision-making (DaleCarnegie 1). Workshops and seminars can also help enhance the leadership skills of managers. The transition from a typical employee to a manager requires a transformed mindset and a set of skills necessary to lead other people. The seminar should change the manager from a normal employee to a leader. In this context, the workshop should train managers to take charge and establish their authority. Building authority does not translate into dictatorship or authoritative leadership. It means that leaders should boost their credibility and earn respect from fellow leaders and even other employees. The leader should also learn to respect the boundary between leaders and employees. The workshops should also have sessions on leadership as s

The Automotive Industry in the United States Essay

The Automotive Industry in the United States - Essay Example Most of the Japanese, Korean and India companies have assemblies in the U.S. such as Chrysler-Toyota, Hyundai Mercedes among others. Moreover, more companies are coming to set up manufacturing plants due to the highly demanding market in the country. The latest company to come to the U.S. is Volkswagen in 2011 (The Automotive Industry in the United States). The automotive industry has different sectors that define the success of the industry. The industry has an engine plant that solely manufactures engine for the companies. In addition, the companies have separately and jointly owned research and development department that researchers on the effective way of producing vehicles at cheap costs and for a better environment. In addition, the industry I characterized by design and testing autonomous departments. The automotive industry contributes approximately 4% to the country GDP. In addition, the industry directly employs 786,000 as of the end of 2012 (The Automotive Industry in the United States). Moreover, the automotive industry employs a high percentage of an indirect employee through distribution, suppliers and other service sectors. In 2012, the industry supplied vehicles and other parts for $225 billion to other countries of the world (The Automotive Industry in the United States). In total, the automotive industry is estimated to provide 3.62 million employment in the country as of 2012. For this reason, the automotive industry is viewed as the best manufacturing sector compared to other industries. The industry faces the problem of polluting the environment as most of the vehicles are made to use petroleum. The industry, therefore, faces a tough time researching for efficient vehicles that are made to use efficient energy.  

Bags Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bags - Essay Example I decided to sharpen my skills with this game. Practice marketing is a modern, 3D multiplayer marketing strategy game (Practice Marketing). Practice marketing was designed to be a digital learning product for the backpack industry. This game enabled me to apply the theoretical part that I have learnt in class into a simulated world which is very similar to reality. The best part of the simulation game is that it allowed me to practice my marketing skills in a ‘real world’ but in a much funnier way which enhance learning apart from honing my marketing skills by cutting out boredom, classroom monotony and increasing creativity. Practice marketing uses the 4Ps of marketing that is product, price, placement and promotion (Practice Marketing). In the multiplayer game each student has to launch a new backpack product of their own original design to the market in the ‘real world’. First, I had to choose my target market. I chose the college students as my target market because in my years of college, I have seen how college students, especially girls spend almost all their money on fashion and boys always carry backpacks as they are handy for school and their manly stuff. College students were the best choice for my target market because first, the student body in my school alone is huge. Therefore, I designed a backpack that is both fashionable yet handy for other purposes. I had to design a backpack that was not feminine yet not masculine, so that both genders could purchase my backpack. Secondly, I chose to sell to college student because even though the price was about average- that is college friendly prices- the volume of sales would be huge thus significant profit levels. My strategy was unique in that most backpacks are meant for the male gender, but here I had designed a gender equal backpack and this is where I beat my competitors. Furthermore, my backpack design is not only meant for school as they can be used on other occasions too. This

TypeWriter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

TypeWriter - Essay Example Creativity and innovation that leads to technological advancement started a long time ago. The form of communication among people and especially leaders in the 1500s was through writing. The quest to achieve more efficiency in writing led to the invention typewriters in 1860s. A typewriter is a machine that can be mechanical or electromechanical used in creating characters on a piece of paper. The technology on a typewriter involves transfer of ink or carbon impression on a set piece of paper by striking characters on a key-board. Keys are attached to type bars that are in a circular basket under the platen. Striking hard the keys transfers a marking on the molded head of the type bar. The paper used in the process is wrapped around a cylinder that mounted on a carriage. The carriage moves after striking a type bar to allow the specific spacing of words and letters. The keyboard is organized in a manner to make it easier for the operator to type the characters. After the invention, the machine become popular and was used in different areas such as homes, by writers, and offices to create writing on paper for different purposes. The increased use of the typewriters came to a halt in the early 1980s when word processor in a computer became popular due to its efficiency compared to a typewriter. However, the typewriters have not been completely wiped out. Different places of the world such as India and certain parts of Africa are still using the machine. The machine has undergone a series of changes all with the aim of improving it proficiency in serving the intended purpose. Earlier innovations and trials had been made regarding the creation of a printing device, but the first successful typewriter was made by Sholes and Glidden in 1870. It was known as the Remingtons typing machine. The intended purpose of the machine was to ensure legal documents produced were neat, legible, and of a standard format. Creativity in this machine

VolksWagen Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

VolksWagen - Term Paper Example Volkswagen operates in more than 100 countries including Argentina, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, UAE, UK and USA (Volkswagen, 2013a). It has 43 plants worldwide that produce Volkswagen cars and/or components. It exports its models and sells through regional offices in countries where it does not produce. Value Chain Framework of Volkswagen Figure: Value Chain model by Michael Porter. Source: Institute for Manufacturing, n.d. Inbound Logistics. Volkswagen has developed an extensive network of local suppliers in all the countries where it operates manufacturing plants. It has its focus firmly on achieving cost efficiency, reducing time to market, regional economies of scale and flexibility in production (Volkswagen AG, 2010). Operations. Volkswagen has 43 plants worldwide that manufacture cars and/or components, as shown below. Figure: Volkswagen worldwide plants. Source: Volkswagen AG, 2013c ; Volkswagen AG, 20 13d. Outbound Logistics. The outbound logistics is handled by Volkswagen Logistics that ensures timely delivery of Volkswagen cars from the factories to the dealers. It is also responsible for international flow of all its models from all its plants by land, sea and air to all its regions. It manages 5 million vehicles per year (Ludwig, 2012). Marketing and Sales. The three key USPs on which it aims to differentiate its cars from competitors are being innovative, responsible and delivering long-lasting value. It has marketed its products as reliable, high-quality and German-engineered. It has a worldwide extensive dealer’s network that is well-integrated with a centralised department that ensures transparency in sales (Volkswagen AG, 2013e). Services. Volkswagen offers an integrated services environment by means of a global chain of after-sales service outlets, along with an active Customer Relationship Management (CRM) function that gathers market trends and implements chang es to its products and a financial service (Volkswagen Financial Service) that assists buyers opt for its products (Volkswagen AG, 2010). Procurement and Infrastructure. Volkswagen has partnered with several direct suppliers who in turn have partnered with subcontractors. It has also implemented several programs aimed at standardising quality, consistent delivery and cost-effectiveness of materials that it buys from its suppliers. (Volkswagen AG, 2013f). Human Resource and Technology. Volkswagen Group employs 549,763 talented people around the world as of 31 December, 2012. It supports the advancement of women and 15.2% of its workforce comprises of females. It also has in place a performance-rewarding mechanism that recognises excellence of employees. It engages its employees in formulation of strategies through opinion surveys that collect opinions, suggestions and feedbacks (Volkswagen AG, 2013g). Volkswagen has also taken initiatives to be more environment-friendly by reducing e nergy-consumption of its servers and air conditioners through modern technology and reducing the use of paper. It has also introduced digital factory models that reduce wastage in building an actual factory and a â€Å"Quicar† online program that encourages customers to share energy-efficient cars (Volkswagen AG, 2013h). Question 2: Where do its revenue / profits come from? Volkswagen’

Workplace Counselling Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Workplace Counselling - Case Study Example Also in (managing trauma and stress) it is noted that "Workplace counseling provides measurable benefits by offering staff solution focused counseling to assist in resolving issues of stress, trauma and personal problems which have a negative effect on both the employee and the workplace alike, costing businesses many millions of pounds every year." (Valentine Sean) added more information on the subject matter where he says "Employment counseling is commonly used in companies to assist employees with various personal and professional challenges that are confronted in the workplace. Such guidance could affect the degree to which employees believe a company proactively supports an ethical orientation." The Value of counseling in the work place: Motivating all the workers. There is need at any working place to motivate workers in order to encourage them on what they are employed for. Counseling in a workplace thus explains to management the great need for that. "Keep rules and policies to a minimum. ... yment counseling is commonly used in companies to assist employees with various personal and professional challenges that are confronted in the workplace. Such guidance could affect the degree to which employees believe a company proactively supports an ethical orientation." The Value of counseling in the work place: Motivating all the workers. There is need at any working place to motivate workers in order to encourage them on what they are employed for. Counseling in a workplace thus explains to management the great need for that. (The guidelines for motivating workers) states that: "Keep rules and policies to a minimum. Rules are there to protect your business and create organization, if a rule does not serve that purpose only, then you will need to consider retiring that particular policy. After the rules are established, it is essential that all employees know what is expected of them. Make sure that the rules and/or policies are published and posted in a manner in which all employees are aware. Create a code of conduct. Make this a collaborative effort which involves all or most of the employees that work with you. Use this to identify values that should be held on high in your organization. Follow the rules. As a manager it is your job to be sure that not only the employees are following the rules, but that you are as well. All members of management should follow the rules that have been established. The employees should notice a sense of consistency from the management team rather than employees knowing which managers will let them "get away" with things while others will not. Management should recognize and address inappropriate behaviors on an as-needed basis rather than picking and/or "waiting" for someone to mess up. Use counseling or a progressive

Nestle Infant Formula Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nestle Infant Formula - Article Example The mothers who were from an economically weaker section diluted the free milk samples provided in order to avoid buying the powder. In addition these people also used unsterile water to mix the milk. While these were the problems with the free samples sold, the advertisements shown by the company showed white women feeding the formula feed to their infants. This gave an impression that modern mothers only bottle-feed their babies and when the free samples were given to mothers immediately after the delivery they were more inclined to bottle-feed their infants. All these lead to reduced breast-feeding, malnutrition in the infants and also increased the mortality rate. I believe that the marketing technique followed by the company was in no way illegal and that a moral code of ethics was followed in the business of marketing their infant milk formula. In the present case I argue that the company was in no way morally inclined to change its marketing strategy. As a producer of infant foods the advertisements and sale of free sachets of milk powder was well within the ethical standards. Instead of blaming the company it would have been appropriate if more awareness was created on the importance of breast-feeding and the circumstances under which formula milk could be introduced to the infant. Such awareness is definitely required in developing countries such as Africa. Merely targeting the company would not solve the issue as it would not be of much help in preventing mothers from feeding formula milk to their infants as a substitute for breast milk. Having a frank and open-minded discussion would always help to arrive at an early conclusion. In the case of the Nestle Infant Milk Formula case my decision would comply with the marketing strategies adopted by the company as it is lawful and has followed a moral code of ethics. An open discussion about the possible methods

Street Food Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Street Food Marketing - Essay Example The target consumer for our food production is the low and middle-income class consumers. Based on behavioral statistics, these consumers will most likely prefer to take food on from the street. This group of consumers constitutes the largest of Plymouth residents, which makes our market target quite promising. However, with the pot sticker dumpling being a new introduction into this area, the initial sales are not expected to be high as compared to similar street foods. Sales are expected to rise with more consumers getting aware of the food’s existence in the area. In the bid to create awareness, the business shall make adverts be posted on local food guide websites such as the eatoutdevon.com website. As the team seeks to introduce this unique food into this highly competitive street food market, three areas shall be focused on including the quality of the product as compared to similar foods. Other areas will include legal requirements and registration, consumer behavior and reaction, and the level of competition and impact on the business. Concerning the quality of the pot sticker dumplings, the team will consider hiring professional chef highly experienced in the making of this product. If the food is of its best quality, the consumers’ reaction is expected to be positive and thus will influence their tendency to buy more. While the government of Plymouth requires every business seeking operational permits to trade, special licenses are offered to street food vendors based on authorized locations to trade.

Protecting Young Childrens Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Protecting Young Childrens Welfare - Essay Example The abuse maybe inflicted by adults, caregivers, acquaintances and at times by other children also. (DoH et al 2006). The protection of a child from maltreatment constitutes a step towards the welfare of the child, and it is especially important to take care of small vulnerable children. A child is said to be vulnerable when there is no assurance of satisfactory development of health. (section 17 (10) of the Children Act 1989). It is imperative that all caregivers give paramount importance to the fact that children are being encouraged to develop in conditions which are conducive to their welfare and protection. This will ensure that they enter adulthood with great confidence and on a sure footing. The issue of safety and protection for children has been the focus of child care agencies for a long time, but the crucial role they play and their duty towards children’s welfare has been brought into the limelight by certain tragic cases wherein the child had died due to negligence on the part of the caregivers. The death of Victoria Climbe made the government sit up and take serious note of the issue. Following the report prepared subsequent to the investigations, many hard facts about child safeguard programs have come up for review. The report that was published revealed that although the Children Act of 1989 is comprehensive, it fails due to improper interpretation and inefficient implementation. The staff in Area Child Protection Committees is often hampered due to inefficient authority and lack of resources. Apart from this, very often caregivers do not know whether they should classify the children as â€Å" in need† or as a case for ‘child protection†. Thus , in order to create a system which is effective in containing this defect, organizations have to pool in their resources and come together to improve the child’s safety net. They must guess the need for protection

Master Project Specification Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Master Project Specification - Coursework Example Outline of the Project Environment Most of the developing countries are in the preliminary phases of putting into operation the electronic government to get better public sector services. The same is the case with the Sultanate of Oman, has established Information Technology Authority (ITA) in 2006 in order to establish/implement the National information technology infrastructure through planning and executing IT projects. While, it must be ensured that these projects are aligned with Digital Oman Strategy and ITA Policy through close supervision of these projects. The ITA has a mandate to the people of Oman in ensuring secured information to its citizens. The Sultanate currently faces a number challenges in offering efficient and timely services. To solve this problem, the Sultanate of Oman is keen to integrate its processes in order to deliver services to its people in more efficient and effective manner. Therefore, it has been planned that the services or the business processes of the public sector organizations would be automated first before providing these services to the public. Therefore, our client ITA is initiating project titled â€Å"E-Enablement of Public Sector Organizations and Provision of Services to the People of Oman†. The E-Government initiative is an integral part of ITA’s approved ITA Policy and Digital Oman Strategy. The objectives of the E-Government Program are laid down: Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Government Increase Transparency and Accountability in decision making Enhance delivery of public services to Citizens efficiently and effectively In order to achieve these objectives, this IT project has been envisaged and would be executed. The current project focuses on the above objectives in order to achieve satisfaction of public. To complement this, the current project includes the provision of enhanced IT infrastructure and support. This provision will help bringing improvements in the efficiency of pub lic sector offices. 2. Description of the Problem to be Solved and its Background: E-Government information has allowed effective communication between departments, employees and citizens coupled with better service delivery and responsiveness of governments. Nevertheless, the internet and mobile phone services have engendered a paradigm shift of how governments can deliver services effectively and efficiently. E-government and m-government services have popularized especially in the third world countries as a means of pacing up with the developed world. Various research studies have explored that how the government and the people of Sultanate of Oman have embraced e-government services.

Type A Influenza Virus And Why The Biology Of This Virus Is A Threat Essay

Type A Influenza Virus And Why The Biology Of This Virus Is A Threat To Human - Essay Example This is of great importance in the epidemiology of the disease. Antigenic variability is highest in influenza virus type A and less in type B, while it has not been demonstrated in type C. The internal RNP antigen and M protein antigen are stable but both the surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, undergo independent antigenic variations, which may be of two types - antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Here, the new antigens, though different from the previous antigens, are related to them, so that they react with the antisera to the predecessor virus strains, to varying degrees. Antigenic drift is due to the mutation and selection, the process being influenced by the presence of antibodies to the predecessor strains in the host population. Antigenic drift accounts for the periodical epidemics of influenza. Antigenic shift, on the other hand, is an abrupt, drastic, discontinuous variation in the antigenic structure, resulting in a novel virus strain unrelated antigenically to predecessor strains. Such changes may involve hemagglutinin, neuraminidase or both. Antibodies to predecessor viruses do not neutralize the new variants and can, therefore, spread widely in the population causing major epidemics or pandemics.

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay Example for Free

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay In Peter Singer’s 1972 article titled â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, he suggests that wealthy nations have an ethical duty to contribute much more than they do to other nations who are suffering through a natural disaster, extreme poverty, famine or other issues. In this paper, I will describe Singers objective and give his argument with regards to this issue. I will describe three counter-arguments to Singer’s view which he addresses, and after that reveal Singer’s reactions to those counterarguments. I will explain Singer’s idea of marginal utility and also differentiate how it pertains to his argument. I will compare how the ideas of duty and charity alter in his suggested world. To conclude, I will provide my own position in response to Singer’s argument. The primary objective of Singer’s article is to express that we as people have the capacity to assist those in dire need as it is our moral duty to do so. He uses the disaster in East Bengal as an example. â€Å"Continuous poverty, a cyclone, and a civil war have turned a minimum of 9 million people into abandoned refugees; nonetheless, its not beyond the capability of the wealthier countries to provide sufficient help to decrease further suffering to very small proportions (Singer 1972). He thinks that theres no reason at all for individuals to suffer if other people have the ability to assist and prevent it from happening or getting worse. It’s our moral responsibility to modify our way of living so as to achieve this important objective. They are overcrowded, hungry, dehydrated and need medical attention. Singer believes that we have the resources to decrease the suffering and pain yet we disregard the problem and do nothing at all, which can be immoral. We should modify our opinions of morality so as to develop a dedication to helping people in dire need. Singer provides counter-arguments in his work which I will talk about here. He offers his readers a scenario which involves a drowning kid and a witness. Most people would try to save the kid since its the â€Å"right† action to take. Singer proposes that this duty happens since lots of people know that a drowning kid is considered very bad and outweighs the fact they you have to get your clothes muddy and wet. The counter-argument in this situation proposes that because I am not the only individual seeing this event, why is it my duty to do something positive about it? Why must it be my ethical responsibility to assist this kid in case nobody else is doing anything regarding it? Singer explains, â€Å"In case its in our power to avoid something bad from occurring, without thereby compromising anything of comparable moral significance, we should, morally, to do it (1972). † He thinks that we are able to do whats right however we should decide to do whats right even when everybody else decides not to. Singer also touches on whether our moral responsibilities must be restricted to distance. The counter-argument in this instance proposes that because these suffering people are so far away, why is it my moral responsibility to help them instead of using it in my own area? According to Singer, â€Å"It makes no ethical difference whether the individual I can assist is a neighbors kid 10 yards from me or a Bengali whose name I shall never know, 10,000 miles away (pg. 232). † Its still our moral obligation to do whats right. Is it morally appropriate to discriminate against a suffering individual just due to their distance? Singer suggests, â€Å"In case we accept any rule of impartiality, universalizability, equality, or whatever, we cant discriminate against somebody just because he is far away from us (or we are far off from him) (pg. 232)†. A person’s distance must not restrict our moral duties. Singer believes that everybody must give when its required. Many people are not contributing, so how much must I give without making myself or my loved ones worse off? The counter-argument here is whether to give more than can cause financial stuggle. He discusses the probability of contributing to the point of marginal utility. As Singer states â€Å"Because the situation seems to be that not many people are likely to give considerable sums, it makes sense that I and everybody else in similar conditions must give as much as possible, that is, at least up to the level at which by giving more one would start to cause acute suffering for oneself and one’s dependents-perhaps even beyond this level to the stage of marginal utility, at which by giving more one would cause oneself and one’s loved ones just as much suffering as one would prevent in Bengal† (pg. 234). To conclude, we all must give as much as possible so long as it doesnt cause us to suffer in the process. Singer proposes that responsibility and charity is our ethical duty. We â€Å"ought† to assist unknown people in need of assistance if we are capable to and that it would be morally incorrect not to contribute. We must put on our old clothes instead of purchasing new ones just for the simple truth that you want to be well dressed. Duty and charity change in this future world since in this era, many people wont give up certain luxuries so as to give to other people. Most people are selfish and would prefer to indulge in the finer matters in life rather than worry about contributing their hard earned bucks to other people in need of assistance. Individually, I support Singer’s point for many reasons. I do think that we must assist people in need when we are capable of doing so as long as it does not cause us to suffer financially. I agree that a few luxuries must be overlooked if it implies that a life can be saved. In case we were suffering or in an identical condition, would we wish or expect assistance? I agree that its the correct thing to do morally. I dont believe that we must discriminate against a suffering person simply because that individual isnt in our society. The life of an individual is invaluable and must come first of all. To conclude, Singer’s primary point is that it is our moral obligation to assist other people in times of need with regards to medical care, food, shelter or reconstruction. I agree that we must contribute our money and time to assist other people if it doesnt create a bad impact on our own lives. In this era, lots of people are selfish as well as greedy and dont usually stop to take into consideration other people in need of assistance. People need to understand that there are lots of people around suffering and may ultimately pass away if they dont get the assistance they need as well as deserve. I agree that it is our moral duty to assist any person in urgent need even when its an individual thousands of miles away.

Sherman Alexie Essay Example for Free

Sherman Alexie Essay According my researching from Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Academic Search Complete, and Superman and Me in class, I found out biographical information on Sherman Alexie. The reason I searched about Sherman Alexie because I wanted to know about how he had been through his life and become a successful American poet. He also writes essays and novels. In childhood, Sherman Alexie was born October 7, 1966 on the Spokane Indian Reservation in Washington. He lived where surrounded by alcoholism, crimes, and drugs around him. His father was an alcoholic. Alexie’s health was poor which hydrocephalus -water on the brain was. The doctor gave up to save his life, and he was not expected to survive through his severe disease. â€Å"The hydrocephalus had left him with an enlarged skull, and he suffered from seizures and bed-wetting throughout his childhood†. Even though he had suffered his life through his mental disabilities, he patiently spent most of his childhood reading. Time went by; his surgery was successful and survived. His hardworking is the cornerstone to success when he spent most of time to read. This reminds me that even though I have struggle in my life, I will stand up to deal with problems and never give up on anything. Without my hardworking, I won’t go anywhere and have a successful life. I think that all his efforts spending time his childhood reading will bring matter to a resolution and equality to his life. Alexie had to deal with all the challenges and problems that he met at the reservation school even though he was teased by other kids. â€Å"As a boy, Alexie was teased mercilessly by the other reservation kids, who called him â€Å"The Glode†. I think he was called The Globe because his head was larger than other kids due to his as infant hydrocephalus. He also was kept out from many of the activities at the reservation school for young Indian males due to his health issues. Nothing he could do at the moment, Alexie was being outstanding to read anything available to him (Lynn 197-198). This shows me that I try hard and spend the amount of my available time to work on anything, the price of success will come from my hardworking. According to Sarah Quirk, one of the American novelists said â€Å"Blend elements of popular culture, Indian spirituality, a nd the drudgery of poverty-ridden reservation life to create  his characters and the world they inhabit† .One of the influences of Alexie’s writings is meant to bring sadness to the conscious mind. He uses humor, literature, and cultural activities. The purpose he wanted to use humor in his plot was to leave the readers with an observation of a particular aspect, admiration, understanding, and sympathy. This means Alexie’s influences for his literary works don’t depend all the listings of Indian modern forms. Alexies work is filled with using humor to present all his character’s works, and most of his writing focused on what he had experienced as a Native American. It was very meaningful to read his collection of poems and short stories because all his works helped me to explore and know more many facts of contemporary life on a reservation. Alexie has the best way of describing circumstances and tenderness through different poems and short stories that make me hurt and pain for the Native Americans who live on reservations. Alexie thought to have a better life and better himself, so he decided to leave the reservation and attended Reardan High school at his eighth grade. He tried all his best to study hard and at the end all the grant he received from his hardwork made him at expert at his studying and became a basketball star and elected as class president. â€Å"There, he flourished, becoming a star player (and the only Indian) on the schools basketball team (ironically called the Reardan Indians), as well as the team captain, class president, and a member of the championship debate team† (Lynn 198). His achievement in High School was admitted his admission to Jesuit University in 1985. He had a successful academic career path. After Alexie successful academic career in there, he transfer to Washington State University in 1987 where he started writing poetry and short fiction .I knew that because of his hard working brought them a better life. I also think that even though there is any problem in my life, I have to deal in order to overcome problems, never give up in my life. Giving up easily every decision I make, it won’t let me succeed and bright me the path I choose to go. In 1990, one of Alexie’s first work collections of poetry was The Business of Fancydancing. It was published in Hanging Loose magazine. â€Å"The Business of Fancydancing, was published in 1992, The New York Times described him as one of the major lyric voices of our time. Ever since, the writer has continued to receive critical acclaim†. (McNally) .The knowledge and learning all he put gave him satisfaction and motivation; he  succeeded in writing first poetry. It also gave him the motivation to quit drinking. â€Å"On the night of his twenty-first birthday, Alexie-drunk, as usual-was robbed at knifepoint. He had sunk low enough. He gave up drinking for good.† (Lynn 198). He knew that the risk of drinking was bad for health, so he chose the right decision to focus on his work. The right decision he made would lead him to attain greatness and make him rich through an enormous awards and grants of his hard work. Sherman reflects on his successful career and being a successful Indian writer. I used to be a binge alcoholic. Ive substituted writing for alcohol. Writing is everything. It takes stuff away. Its like being married. Its a high-maintenance relationship. You cant get lazy. Im doing something around it every dayreading, writing, editing, and thinking. I can be staring out the window, and Im working real hard.(Lynn 202). Alexie received many awards and grants. â€Å"In 2010 he won a number of literary awards, including the PEN/Faulkner Award for War Dances (2009; another mix of prose and poetry) and the 2010 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers’ Circle of the Americas( Daniel). Through his hard working, it led him a successful career path from poems to short stories to novels through reading and writing. In his essay â€Å"Superman and me†, Alexie writes, â€Å"In all my years in the reservation school system, I was never taught how to write poetry, short stories, and novels. I was certainly never taught that Indians wrote poetry.† This reminds and wants readers to explore their new options in reading and writing, it may save your life (Sherman 112). I think that exploring new options in reading may ultimately save my life. The more I explore new options in reading, the more I gain more knowledge. Just like Sherman Alexie, he was surprised he became a writer despite all the books he read and all the time he spent reading; consequently, education can save his life successfully. Education can save life once people spend time and work hard on it. From what I have been reading and knowing about Sherman’s literacy work, I explore new possibilities for assessing his rich and challenging work. Not only do I know about his life, but I also know about how much time he put his efforts in and how hard his life had been through to be a successful literacy career. When I do research, each research step is to determine the purpose of my research, to do some background I have done reading that familiarize with the topi c, select and use the best  Library Catalogue research resource, analyze my research, organize and write, cite my research. Since I had been doing with research, I learned about a particular topic in depth, enhancing of credentials, understanding process, an ability to think and work independently, MLA formatting and style, works cited and citations. The more I do research, the more I enhance my experience, knowledge, and credibility. Works Cited McNally, Joel. Sherman Alexie. Writer (Kalmbach Publishing Co.) 114.6 (2001): 28. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Cline, Lynn. About Sherman Alexie. Ploughshares 26.4 (2000): 197.Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Quirk, Sarah. Dictionary of Literary Biography.278. American Novelists since World War II, Seventh Series. Detroit: Gale Group,2003 Grassian, Daniel. â€Å"Sherman Alexie. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.

The Limitations Of Written Communication English Language Essay

The Limitations Of Written Communication English Language Essay Written communication is transmitted by written words in the form of letters, memos, circulars, bulletins, reports, instruction cards, manuals, magazines, handbooks etc. Written Communication generally moves downward. Upward communication in the written form is generally discouraged, or the workers are reluctant to use it. Dynamic management should encourage it by installing a suitable suggestion system under which workers are allowed to write their grievance and suggestions freely. Written communication can take place through the following modes: Letters: Communication though is a very old method. Under this the message is transmitted from the senders to the receiver though a letter. The receiver may give his response though another letter. Notice: When many people within an organization are to be contacted, notice is one of the best method. It is the most common method of mass communication. Memo/Memorandum: It is an informal message between members of a company pertaining to routine matters. Telegram: For contacting people at distant places telegrams can be used. Since it given an impression of emergency to the receiver, immediate response is possible. To convey the matters urgently and to take actions, telegrams are used. Telex: It is a device (telegraphic device) which has a facility to type out the messages simultaneously on the senders machine and the Receivers machine. It is a channel for sending as well as receiving messages. Telex messages can be used on a screen in share markets, newspaper offices, airports, railways stations etc. ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION : Written communication is used to issue specific instructions and orders to the subordinates. Written communication is the only way out when the message is quite lengthy and it is not possible to convey all the points through oral communication. Sometimes, written communication are also used to elaborate verbal communication and to keep a record of it. Written communications serves as a reliable record for future reference and can be used in legal proceedings. Written messages are more carefully formulated than oral communication. That is why, they are more clear and specific. Written communication is a cheaper means of communication when the parties to communicate are situated at distant places. It is very difficult to alter the contents of the written message. Response to written communication is generally well-thought out because the receiver gets sufficient time to understand and evaluate the message. LIMITATIONS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION : Written communication is more expensive for transmitting the short messages. It also takes long time to convey the message. Once a written message has been dispatched, there is little scope left for making amends for the inaccuracy that may have crept into it. If the written communication is poorly drafted, it may create misunderstanding and confusion in the mind of the receiver. It may lead to creation of conflicts between the parties to communication. Written messages give rise to queries for clarification and elaboration which lead to future loss of time an money. Moreover, written channels may be blocked due to bureaucratic procedures in the organization. Written communication is generally formal in nature. One cannot make use of postures to convey ones feelings and emotions along with the written message. CHOICE OF METHOD OF COMMUNICATION It is difficult to predict which method of communication will be used in a particular organization. In practice, all the three methods of expression are used in varying degrees under different circumstances. Postural communication is frequently used to supplement oral communication. Written communication has been found to be effective in the following situations : Executives give written instructions where the assignment is important and it is necessary to fix responsibility. Written communication serves the purpose of a record for future reference. Workers / Trade unions make use of written communication to communicate with the management formally and to get formal response from the management. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION In modern organizations, the use of computer-based technology to communicate is wide spread and becoming increasingly commonplace. The facsimile (fax) machine is now is key piece of equipment for sending messages between locations and use of the copier and electronic mail systems allow information to be circulated more widely and more rapidly than ever before. In fact many innovations including computerized information, processing systems, telecommunication system, inter and intranet have revolutionized the organization of today. As a result managers a can send (and receive) various types of communications to (and from) 1% or a group scattered around the world on their computer terminals and they can do so in their cars or via their notebook computers and cellar phones on the train. Several new industries are developing around information storage, transmission and retrieval that were not even dreamt few years ago. Organizations can design computer systems that allow designated individuals access to appropriate information from a database. For example, a computerized personnel system can hold information on each employees career history, references, performance ratings, pay progression, attendance record, disciplinary action and so forth. Access to the available information can be restricted in various ways. For example, job history, references and previous performance ratings could be available to the department head but not the immediate supervisor of the person. The same principles can be applied to any of the companys information systems including financial and marketing. INTERNET AND INTRANET Internet communication between individuals and business organizations of different cities, states and nations is increasing tremendously. Internet is a web of millions of computer users linked by telephones on thousands of interconnected networks. The reasons for the popularity of internet include : i)global dissemination, ii)quick and better interaction, iii)effective integration, and iv)facilitation of electronic commerce(e-commerce) Several companies have also developed companywide intranet systems for efficient internal communication. An intranet system makes available internal E-mail, company policies and directives and enables information sharing throughout the organization. It, thus, paves the way for a knowledge-based organization. EFFECTIVE WRITING SKILLS Unified writing Coherence Unified Writing : Effective writing is always unified. There is a proper development of the topic duly selected. There is no digression in the development of the topic. The position and the stature of the reader is always to be kept in mind. Being Senior Manager, HR, of my company. I would need to use clear, concise and modern English in written communication in the business environment. Using a list format, write a set of guidelines including at least twelve items to advice staff members in my organization on how best to communicate effectively : Simplicity Use simple sentence structure. Complex sentence structure can complicate what you are trying to say and be easily misunderstood. Keep your sentences concise and to the point. Instead of saying I would like to schedule a meeting to discuss the pertinent facts of the case at your earliest convenience, say Please let me know when we can meet to discuss the case. Avoid Jargon Do not use jargon or language that only you and select group of individuals understand. Your written communication should be accessible to your audience, no matter who you are communicating with. Technical language and jargon should only be used when more simplistic language will not suffice. Specificity Provide specific details whenever possible. Avoiding writing in ambiguous or unclear details. Instead of writing I have a lot of experience working in this field, say I have worked as an engineer for three and a half years. Be Conversational Written communication is different from academic or scholarly writing and should be more conversational in nature. As a rule of thumb, write in similar fashion as talk. Read your message aloud to ensure that your writing sounds conversational. Ideas in Sequence Try for an average sentence length of 17 words. Introduce no more than one or two ideas per sentence. The average paragraph in a business letter is two sentences long. Long paragraphs often contain more than one idea and can be split so that each idea has its own paragraph. Avoid Gendered Language Avoid attaching a masculine or feminine pronoun to your writing. While it is technically sound grammar to use he or his when the gender is unknown or when referring to a group of people, the language may offend some people. To be on the safe side, do not use a gendered pronoun unless you are sure of the persons gender you are referencing. Avoid Passive Language Choose active verbs instead of passive verbs to add interest to your written communication. Write I drove to the beach on Saturday, instead of When I was driving to the beach on Saturday. . Using active voice will also allow you to sound more conversational, as we rarely use passive voice in verbal communication. Be Personable If you know the person you are writing to, acknowledge this relationship. Instead of using blanket pronouns such as you, use the persons name. Make the information you include in your written communication pertinent to the reader. Depending on the relationship you have with person, begin and end your writing with an appropriate greeting. Medium Selection Choose the right medium for your written communication. Whether you use email, text messaging, or a letter depends on who you are writing to and what you are writing about. If you have never used text messaging in the work environment, it may not be the best way to correspond with a coworker. Appropriate Humor Use humor in moderation, and only when appropriate for the situation. If you are unfamiliar with your reader, avoid making jokes so as not to offend the reader. If you have a good relationship with your reader, feel free to use humor in your written communication. Even if you know the reader well, avoid offensive or controversial humor. Proof Read No matter how good at writing you may be, it is critical to proof read your written communication. Check for spelling or grammatical errors in your writing. Make sure that what you have written effectively communicates the intended message. Write with a Positive Tone Establishing the right tone in written communications can make the difference between a positive response and a hostile one. To help create a positive tone :Avoid I. Instead use you as the subject of sentences to get the reader involved. Use the readers name, if the correspondence is addressed to one person. Replace negative words with positive ones. Instead of saying Dont hesitate to call me, try Feel free to call me. Words with negative connotations include: delay, doubt, difficult, fail, problem. Words with positive connotations include: glad, improvement, service, happy, contribution. Present ideas as possibilities, not as difficulties to be overcome. CONCLUSION Writing is always a deliberate action with a clear purpode. The purpose of writing is to communicate ideas, facts, impression, analysis, conclusions etc. A writer shares his or her experiences with his or her readers. However, it is true that the writer should know how much reading time he could seek from his reader or reads so that he succeeds in expressing himself. A good writer is that who succeds not only in making the best possible use of his time but also in presenting his or her matter in such a way that reading of which makes the reader willingly, with interest and with no sense of loss or wastage of time, extend the duration of reading thinking and further reading and finally contributing his or her best to the cause of writing.

Accounting Conservatism and Risk Taking Decisions

Accounting Conservatism and Risk Taking Decisions Introduction Manager is in a position of Captain in Charge in ship of the Organization, so that to make organization more beautiful Manager has duty to make an important decision on Corporate Investment. These types of decisions create Agency Problems because of the time interest differences between manager and shareholder. This research is carried out to understand how conservatism accounting reduces agency problems, and examines the effect of conservatism on manager’s high risk investment decision. This research also examine that whether accounting conservatism solves the misalignment of interest between managers and organization through increasing hurdle rates used by managers during project selections, and sheds lights on literature attempting to identify the relation between accounting conservatism and manager’s investment decisions. Motivation A study was conducted by Givoly and Hayn (2000), Beatty et al. (2008), and Khan and Watts in 2009, to measure accounting conservatism and firm’s characteristics such as size, leverage, and market-to-book ratio. They found evidences to support their hypothesis that accounting conservatism improves firms’ investment efficiency. According to Khan and Watts managers’ investment hurdle rates and induces conservative investment decisions are significantly increase under conservatism accounting, even when the agency problems are more severe this effect is more pronounced. According to the positive accounting theory accounting conservatism plays very effective role in the roll contracting process. Corporate investment is an important decision, but this decision are not always made in the best interest of shareholders, so many time manager invest in a risky and even negative net present value projects just because of their personal interest in of investment. Accounting conservatism is a reporting mechanism which reflects accountant’s trend to require lower threshold to recognise bad news than good news. Accounting conservatism helps to improve corporate investment by preventing investment in high risk or unsuccessful investment projects by early terminations of such projects. This early terminations of projects reduces managers compensation and increases managers interest of job turnover. If manager is rational to predict the accelerated recognition of losses, and the timely termination of unsuccessful projects, they will be more cautious to make the investment decisions. (Francis and Martin (2010) and Bushman et al. (2007)) The increased cautiousness to invest will be reflected in the hurdle rate, which used to evaluate an investment project. In theory, hurdle rate is as equals as the cost of capital; managers should not take decision to invest in a project if the return is lower than the cost of financing. Indeed hurdle rate is observed to be either lowers than the cost of capital in practice, because of managerial discretion. The result of the study state that Corporate governance role have established the roll of accounting conservatism in resolving information asymmetry, reducing agency costs, and improving debt contracting efficiency. (Ball (2001), Ball and Shivakumar (2005)) Literature Review There are many research has been carried out in about the relation of the accounting conservatism and manager’s risk taking decision. Ahmed and Zhang, 2009 found that accounting conservatism reduces information imbalance between lenders and borrowers, and also reduces cost of capital for borrowers. They also found that if conservatism cause financially constrained firms to under investment than the relation between conservatism and firm’s future performance will negative. On the other hand reduce overinvestment problem for financially constrained firms, than the relation will be expected positive. Another research carried out by Leuz (2001) and Guay and Vierrecchia (2006) and found that accounting conservatism force manager to avoid positive NPV projects, because Impaired incentives created for managers if gains not recognize timely untimely gain recognition, and manager force to avoid those types of positive projects. In particular, if gains are not recognize timely than manager will responsible for investment for those project, and may no longer be in the office by the time gains are realized. This is because always expect their future incentive rate higher in long term, than the firms required rate of return. If gains recognise by timely than even positive NPV for shareholder became negative for manager. Accounting conservatism increases corporate investment efficiency in two ways. First is, by timelier incorporating bad news into earnings, accounting conservatism inform the board’s investigation of the unsuccessful investment project that may lead to its early abandonment, saving shareholders from unexpected future losses (Watts 2003). On the other hand, the expected personal costs related to project such as compensation, reputation and career concerns would increase managers’ cautiousness in choosing investment projects at the outset. Extant studies by Ball and Shivakumar, 2005; Francis and Martin, 2010 believe that accounting conservatism can restrain managers to investing in negative NPV projects by accelerated loss recognition. In addition, if managers recognise ex ante about failure of particular project, they should record losses timely, because it will affect to their reputation and income as well, so manager should postpone investing in those project. Furthermore, Roychowdhury (2010) found that risky projects are mostly become negative projects, therefor managers try to avoid risky projects due to timely loss recognition, because it creates also risk-averse, even if the projects have profitability to shareholders. If managers know that the project is have many risks of failure, manager have to write losses more timely before failure of project, because manager’s reputation income linked with compensation will be affected by it, so that manager avoid to involve to invest in those projects, even though projects are profitable. Smith and Watts 1992; Kwon and Yin 2006 found that, firms with higher growth opportunities prefer to assets have higher contracting costs, because growth opportunities are often intangible in nature, so that information related to them are likely less verifiable. Therefore, managers have greater unrestricted power, and are more likely to manage earnings through accruals, so that agency costs are higher in high-growth firms. Furthermore high growth firms are more likely to have more volatile returns and higher probability of lawsuits, which creates a higher demand of accounting conservatism (Khan and Watts, 2009). Empirically, we use book-to-market ratio (an inverse measure of growth opportunity) to measure the growth opportunity of firms. Driver and Temple (2010) found that, if the manager is aware of the embedded risk a hurdle rate that is higher than the cost of capital will be used by the irreversibility of the investment project. Corporate investment is efficient in the situation where internal funds flow gives the highest returns from investment project. However, managers deviate from the optimal level of investment, because of dysfunctional investment incentives (Stein et al. 2003). These dysfunctional incentives can be reflected in the hurdle rates used to select projects. Finance textbooks state that managers should benchmark the investment return to the cost of capital, so that with the project with lower returns than the cost of capital are rejected. In addition, managers use hurdle rates which sometimes higher or lower against the cost of capital, it depends on the managerial incentives invest. Consistent with Hayn (2000),andWatts (2003), They found that both not only firm with goodwill purchased but also without goodwill have increasing trend in conservatism over time. Indeed He argue that lach of information will limit managers to random affect to recognize impairment losses agains their advantage timely. The following hypotheses are proposed for this study: H1 Accounting conservatism improves firms’ investment efficiency. H2 Accounting conservatism helps manager to recognize bad news timely. H3 Accounting consarvitism accelerates terminations of successful projects. H4 Accounting conservatism can restrain managers to investing in negative NPV projects by accelerated loss recognition. To testing hypothisese Basu’s (1997) used measure of conditional conservatism, because of theverification standerds of the hypotheses of recognizing bad newsand good news assumsions. (Richardson, 2006; Denis and Sibikov, 2010) they also examine relation between accounting conservatism with the component of investments by ussing total investments and changes in firm capital. This study conclued that accounting conservatism is an important monitoring and contracting mechanism, and its helps manger to recognize bad news timely,so that manager could increase their managerial interest regarding project. Indeed accounting conservatism accelerates terminations of unsuccessful projects, also study found that conservative accounting increases hurdle rates, in addition conservatism changes hurdle rate because it reducing the future financial cost rather than by increasing the efficiency of contracting with the managers. We also find conservatism adds value to firms. This study also sheds lights on relation between accounting conservatism and managers’ investment decisions. The study also show that the accounting conservatism negatively correlate investment and firms future operating performance.